Non-Interventional Techniques for Pain Management
虽然，微创介入治疗在处理急，慢性疼痛病起主导作用，但非介入治疗起着重要的辅助作用。只有将两者有机的结合，才能成功地，最大限度地控制疼痛。
非介入治疗技术包括：
疼痛心理治疗：心理咨询，放松及生物反馈技术，对疼痛的耐受程度及治疗期望值等。
理疗与康复。
药物治疗。
针灸及其它辅助治疗。
TENS治疗仪：经皮直流电刺激治疗。
在欧美发达国家，疼痛的治疗一般采用综合性的，多学科结合的方法，以便全方位的治疗疼痛。
While interventional treatment plays the most prominent role in pain management, non-interventional techniques are important conjunctive therapies. In most cases, the combination of both successfully provides the maximal control of pain. Non-interventional techniques include: Psychotherapy: psychological counseling, relaxation techniques, bio-feedback techniques, techniques to modify pain tolerance and set appropriate therapeutic expectation. Physical therapy and rehabilitation. Acupuncture and other conjunctive therapies. TENS: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation In developed countries, multidisciplinary treatment is the preferred approach for pain management, which offers omni-directional remedy to pain patients.
